Palmsens4
Description:
The PalmSens4 is a USB and battery powered Potentiostat, Galvanostat, and optional Frequency Response Analyser (FRA) for Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The PalmSens4 has a large potential range (-5V to 5V or -10V to 10V) and current range (100 pA to 10 mA) with a high resolution and low noise. The PalmSens4 is equipped with an internal storage of 4 GB, meaning your measurements are automatically saved on-board as a backup. This instrument is a complete laboratory instrument but its compact and rugged design makes it also ideal for field work.
Available Configurations:
| DC-Potential Range of +/-5V [05] | DC-Potential Range of +/-10V [10] | |
|---|---|---|
| NO EIS [F0] | PS4.F0.05 | PS4.F0.10 |
| EIS up to 100 kHz [F1] | PS4.F1.05 | PS4.F1.10 |
| EIS up to 1 MHz [F2] | PS4.F2.05 | PS4.F2.10 |
Included as standard with all PalmSens4:
- high quality, double shielded cell cable
- 2 mm banana connectors for working, counter, reference electrode and ground
- mini-crocodile clips
- USB cable
- Dummy cell
- software
Supported Techniques:
Voltammetric techniques:
- Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV)
- AC Voltammetry (ACV)
- Fast Cyclic Voltammetry (FCV)
- Cyclic Voltammetry (CV)
- Stripping chronopotentiometry (PSA or SCP)
Pulsed techniques:
- Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV)
- Square Wave Voltammetry (SWV)
- Normal Pulse Voltammetry (NPV)
Amperometric techniques:
- Chronoamperometry (CA)
- Zero Resistance Amperometry (ZRA)
- Chronocoulometry (CC)
- MultiStep Amperometry (MA)
- Fast Amperometry (FAM)
- Pulsed Amperometric Detection (PAD)
- Multiple-Pulse Amperometric Detection (MPAD)
Galvanostatic techniques:
- Linear Sweep Potentiometry (LSP)
- Chronopotentiometry (CP)
- MultiStep Potentiometry (MP)
- Open Circuit Potentiometry (OCP)
- Stripping Chronopotentiometry (SCP or PSA)
Technique as a function of time:
- Mixed Mode (MM)
Impedance Spectroscopy / EIS
- Potential scan or current scan
- Time scan
- Fixed potential or fixed current
- Fixed potential
Measurement Specifications:
| PS4 Model | PS4.F0.05 / PS4.F1.05 / PS4.F2.05 | PS4.F0.10 / PS4.F1.10 / PS4.F2.10 |
|---|---|---|
| Potential range | -5 V to +5 V | -10 V to +10 V |
| Step potential | 0.075 mV to 250 mV | 0.075 mV to 250 mV |
| Pulse potential | 0.075 mV to 250 mV | 0.075 mV to 250 mV |
| Technique | Parameter & Limit |
|---|---|
| Normal Pulse and Differential Pulse Voltammetry | Scan rate = 0.1 mV/s (75 µV step) to 100 mV/s (5 mV step) / Pulse time = 10 ms to 300 ms |
| Square Wave Voltammetry1 and AC Voltammetry | Frequency = 1 Hz to 2000 Hz 1 |
| Linear Sweep and Cyclic Voltammetry | Scan rate = 0.01 mV/s (75 µV step) to 500 V/s (10 mV step) |
| ChronoAmperometry | Interval time = 0.25 ms to 300s / Max. run time = 1000000 s (> 10 days at 16 s interval) |
| Pulsed Amperometric Detection | Interval time = 50 ms to 300 s / Pulse time = 1 ms to 1 s / Max. run time = 640000 s (> 7 days at 10 s interval) |
| Multiple Pulse Amperometric Detection | Pulse times = 100 ms to 2 s / Run time = 10 s to 100000 s / E levels = 3 |
| Fast Amperometry | Interval time = 0.02 ms to 1 s / Max. run time = 30 s / Max. points = 65000 (4000 for interval time < 0.2 ms) |
| ChronoPotentiometry and Open Circuit Potentiometry | Interval time = 0.25 ms to 300 s / Max. run time = 1000000 s (> 10 days at 300 s interval) |
| Multistep Amperometry, Multistep Potentiometry and Mixed Mode: | Interval time = 0.25 ms to 300 s / Level switching overhead time = ±80 ms / Number of levels = 1 to 255 / Number of cycles = 1 to 20000 / Max. run time = > 1 year |
PalmSens can be extended with the bipotentiostat module as well as a multiplexer with 8 or 16 channels. The opto-isolated cable, as well as the Bluetooth option, allows PalmSens to be used floating with respect to ground.
Specifications:
| General | |
|---|---|
| Dc-potential range | ± 10 V (or ± 5 V) * |
| Compliance voltage | ± 10 V |
| Maximum current | ± 30 mA (typical) |
| Max. acquisition rate | 150,000 data points/s |
| Potentiostat (controlled potential mode) | |
|---|---|
| Applied dc-potential resolution | 76.3 µV |
| Applied potential accuracy | ≤ 0.1% ±1 mV offset |
| Current ranges | 100 pA to 10 mA (9 ranges) |
| Current accuracy | ≤ 0.1 % (at Full Scale Range) |
| Measured current resolution | 0.005 % of current range (5 fA on 100 pA range) 0.0025% of 10 mA range |
| Galvanostat (controlled current mode) | |
|---|---|
| Current Ranges | 1nA to 10 mA (8 ranges) |
| Applied dc-current range | ±6 times current range |
| Applied dc-current resolution | 0.0076% of applied current range (<10 mA) // [ 0.0038% of 10mA range] |
| Measured dc potential resolution | 78.13 uV at ±10V // 7.813 uV at ±1V // 0.7813 uV at ±0.1V |
| Measured dc potential accuracy | ≤ 0.05% or ±1mV (for |E|< ±9V // [ ≤ 0.2% (for |E|≥ ±9V] |
| FRA / EIS (impedance measurements) | |
|---|---|
| Frequency range | 10 μHz to 1 MHz (or 10 μHz to 100 kHz) * |
| Ac-amplitude range | 1 mV to 0.25 V rms, or 0.6 V p-p |
| GEIS (galvanostatic impedance measurements) | |
|---|---|
| Frequency range | 10 μHz to 100 kHz (or 10 μHz to 100 kHz) |
| Ac-amplitude range | 0.001 x CR to 0.4 x CR (<10 mA) 0.001 x CR to 0.2 x CR (10 mA) |
| Electrometer | |
|---|---|
| Electrometer amplifier input | > 1 TΩ // 10 pF |
| Bandwidth | 1 MHz |
| Auxiliary port (D-Sub 15) | |
|---|---|
| Analog input | ±10 V, 18 bit |
| Analog output | 0-10 V, 12 bit (1 kOhm output impedance) |
| 4 digital outputs | 0-5 V |
| 1 digital input | 0-5 V |
| I-out and E-out | raw output of current and potential, E-out ±10 V (1 kOhm output impedance), i-out ±6 V (1 kOhm output impedance) |
| Power | 5 V output (max. 150 mA) |
| Instrument | |
|---|---|
| Housing | 15.7 x 9.7 x 3.5 cm3 |
| Weight | 500 g |
| Temperature range | 0 ºC to + 50 ºC |
| Power supply | USB or internal LiPo battery |
| Communication | USB and Bluetooth |
| Internal storage space | 8 GB per channel or +/- 800000 measurements incl. method info (assuming 200 data points per measurement) |
| Battery time | > 16 hours idle time > 4 hours with cell on at max. current Extendable by means of power bank |
Extensions:
There are several extensions for the PalmSens4. The main extensions include:
- Pt1000 temperature sensor.
- MUX8 and MUX16 multiplexers.
- Magnetic stirrer for stripping analysis applications.
- USB galvanic isolator for floating measurements.
- Differential Electrometer Amplifier (DEA) for use as a floating voltage amplifier with differential input and single output for measuring an auxiliary signal between -5 to +5V or -10 to +10V.
Software:
PalmSens4 is shipped with the PSTrace 5.0 software.
PSTrace 5.0:
- Equivalent Circuit Fitting and Simulation for EIS
- Support for PalmSens4; view and copy data on its internal 4GB storage
- New technique: Mixed Mode for combining potentiometry and amperometry, potential sweeps and measuring at open circuit
- Improved UI
- .pssession” file format introduced for always saving all available measurements, method information and meta data to a single file.